storage stability comes up often in conversation and rarely with the context attached. Here we lay out the basics in order, then work through the practical considerations.
Last reviewed on 2026-06-05. Where a claim depends on a specific study, the study is described rather than over-claimed.
Analytical chemists detect SR9009 with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, commonly abbreviated LC-MS/MS. Sample preparation may involve protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, or solid-phase extraction before analysis. Laboratories can target the parent compound or its metabolites, depending on the matrix and the purpose of testing. Anti-doping methods require sensitive and specific assays because concentrations in biological samples can be low. Reference standards and validated methods are essential for reliable identification and quantification.
Regulatory agencies have not approved SR9009 for human therapeutic use. It is typically sold as a research chemical with labels stating that it is not for human consumption. The World Anti-Doping Agency prohibits the substance in sport, generally under the category of non-approved substances. Customs and national laws may restrict importation, sale, or possession. Product quality and legal status can vary by country and vendor, and therapeutic claims are not permitted in regulated advertising because the compound lacks approval.
Several misconceptions surround SR9009. It is often described as a SARM, a steroid, or an exercise pill, but its known target is the REV-ERB receptor family. Rodent studies have examined exercise capacity and metabolic markers, yet human outcomes remain unproven. Oral bioavailability appears low in animals, and human pharmacokinetics are not well characterized. Online products may contain impurities or different compounds, so identity and purity testing are important for research use.
Mechanistically, SR9009 binds the ligand-binding domain of REV-ERBα/β and enhances recruitment of corepressor complexes. This represses target genes rather than activating them. Because REV-ERB proteins normally compete with ROR proteins at shared response elements, the net effect depends on tissue and timing. Researchers use SR9009 to probe how nuclear receptor signaling links the clock to metabolism, inflammation, and muscle biology. Findings are largely preclinical, and the precise contribution of each receptor subtype remains under study.
SR9009 is frequently discussed in fitness and research-chemical contexts, yet it has no approved medical indication. Regulatory agencies have not authorized it for human use, and it is not a standard prescription drug. Some sports organizations list it as a prohibited substance because of its potential performance-enhancing properties. Published human data are sparse, so claims about its effects in people often rely on animal models or anecdotal reports. Quality and identity of online materials can vary widely.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as a REV-ERB agonist. REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ are nuclear receptors that help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. The compound was identified in academic screening efforts to find synthetic ligands for these receptors. In cell and animal studies, SR9009 alters transcription of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, and it can shift circadian behavior. It is not an approved therapeutic agent.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Regulatory status | Not approved for human use | Research-use-only status in many markets |
| WADA status | Prohibited in sport | Generally listed as a non-approved substance |
| Detection technique | LC-MS/MS | Common for urine and blood analysis |
| Common alias | Stenabolic | Informal market nickname, not a pharmacopoeial name |
| Purity check | HPLC or LC-UV | Independent certificate of analysis is typical |
Regulatory status varies by country and intended use. Major drug agencies have not granted marketing authorization for SR9009 as a medicine, and it is not listed as a controlled substance in many jurisdictions. It is often sold as a research chemical, a category that may fall outside pharmaceutical manufacturing rules. Buyers should verify local laws and supplier documentation, including certificates of analysis. The lack of standardized quality controls raises concerns about identity, purity, and actual content in products marketed online.
In laboratory settings, SR9009 is commonly identified by its molecular structure and its interaction with REV-ERB receptors. Vendors may list it under synonyms such as Stenabolic or REV-ERB agonist, but those names do not define purity or identity. Analytical confirmation typically uses high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection or liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. A reference standard is needed to compare retention time and mass spectrum, because the compound can be confused with related research chemicals.
Handling practices for SR9009 focus on minimizing degradation and contamination. The solid is generally stored desiccated at or below -20 °C, protected from light and moisture. Stock solutions are often prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol, then aliquoted to avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Aqueous solubility is low, so formulations for animal studies may require cosolvents or suspending agents. Personnel should follow institutional chemical safety procedures, because toxicological data for humans are incomplete.
SR9009 is frequently discussed alongside other REV-ERB ligands, including synthetic agonists and natural heme-related molecules. Its selectivity for REV-ERB over related nuclear receptors has been measured in binding and reporter assays, though off-target activity at higher concentrations is possible. The compound is prohibited in sport by the World Anti-Doping Agency, and it is not approved for any medical use in major jurisdictions. Products sold online may be labeled as research chemicals, and their identity and purity are not guaranteed by regulatory review.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule that acts on the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors are part of the circadian clock machinery and normally repress transcription of certain target genes. In laboratory research, SR9009 is used as a chemical tool to study how REV-ERB activity influences metabolism, inflammation, and daily biological rhythms. The compound is not an approved medicine, and its effects in humans remain largely uncharacterized. It is often described as an investigational agent rather than a therapeutic product.
=== Traditional medicine === Xanthoria parietina has a long history of use in traditional medicine across several cultures. In Andalucia, Spain, this lichen was known as flor de piedra ('stone flower') or rompepiedra ('stone breaker'). Spanish traditional healers employed it for several purposes: treating menstrual complaints when prepared as a decoction in wine, addressing kidney disorders and toothaches when made into water-based decoctions, and serving as a general analgesic. They also incorporated it into cough syrups along with various plant ingredients. In European traditional medicine during the early modern era, X. parietina was boiled with milk to treat jaundice, often alongside Polycauliona candelaria. This application exemplifies the Doctrine of signatures – a belief system that plants resembling parts of the body could treat ailments of those parts – as the yellow-orange color of the lichen was thought to indicate its efficacy against the yellowing of the skin in jaundice. In Traditional Chinese medicine, it was known as Chinese: shí huáng yī ('stone yellow clothes') and valued for its antibacterial properties. The widespread medicinal use of lichens, including X. parietina, had been mostly abandoned by 1800, and these applications represent historical folk remedies rather than evidence-based treatments.
The Boston keratoprosthesis is the most widely used synthetic cornea to date with over 900 procedures performed worldwide in 2008. The Boston KPro was developed at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary under the leadership of Claes Dohlman.
Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Og and atomic number 118. It was first synthesized in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow, Russia, by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of the international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. It was formally named on 28 November 2016. The name honors the nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian, who played a leading role in the discovery of the heaviest elements in the periodic table. Oganesson has the highest atomic number and highest atomic mass of all known elements. On the periodic table of the elements it is a p-block element, a member of group 18, and the last member of period 7. Its only known isotope, oganesson-294, is highly radioactive, with a half-life of 0.7 ms. This half-life is too short for chemical studies. Because of relativistic effects, theoretical studies predict that it would be a solid at room temperature, and significantly reactive, unlike the other members of group 18 (the noble gases).
Stanniocalcin (originally named hypocalcin or teleocalcin or parathyrin) is a family of hormones which regulate calcium and phosphate balance in the body. The first stanniocalcin discovered was from fish and was identified as the principal calcium-reducing (hypocalcaemic) factor. It was isolated from special organs in fish called corpuscles of Stannius, hence the name stanniocalcin. Chemically, stanniocalcins are glycosylated proteins (i.e. proteins containing carbohydrate, or glycoproteins) having a molecular mass of 50 kDa. They exist in molecular pairs (homodimers) and are joined together by disulfide linkage. Stanniocalcins are made up of approximately 250 amino acids.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
However, with more recent advances in disease specific therapies, survival in 2010 was 86%, 69%, and 61% at 1, 3 and 5 years respectively. Signs and symptoms may be initially non-specific and may lead to a delay in appropriate diagnosis. Early symptoms include breathlessness (dyspnea). Other symptoms include fatigue, lightheadedness or fainting and chest pain. Late findings include swelling of the extremities, edema and ascites (which are signs of right heart failure). Lower estimates regarding the prevalence of PAH are 15 cases per million adults with idiopathic PAH being 5.9 cases per million, with other estimates being 25 cases per 1 million people. In Europe, the prevalence ranges from 15 to 60 cases per year. More than half of PAH is believed to be idiopathic, drug induced or heritable. Disease specific therapy involves targeting the various aberrant pathways involved in the disease. PDE5 inhibitors are used which cause dilation of blood vessels. Riociguat also causes vasodilation. Endothelin receptor antagonists cause vasodilation as well by blocking the action of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1. Prostacyclins and prostacyclin agonists also cause vasodilation and also inhibit platelet aggregation. In disease that is refractory to medical therapy, an atrial septostomy may be used palliatively or as a bridge to lung transplantation.
== Toxicity == When applying 5 pg/mouse via intracerebroventricular injection U7-CNTX-Pn1a was found to cause paralysis in the posterior limbs of the mice. Movement and aggression were observed to decrease within 24 h.
== Role in type 2 diabetes == In addition to cell signaling, the mTOR pathway also plays a role in beta cell growth leading to insulin secretion. High glucose in the blood begins the process of the mTOR signaling pathway, in which leucine plays an indirect role. The combination of glucose, leucine, and other activators cause mTOR to start signaling for the proliferation of beta cells and the secretion of insulin. Higher concentrations of leucine cause hyperactivity in the mTOR pathway, and S6 kinase is activated leading to inhibition of insulin receptor substrate through serine phosphorylation. In the cell the increased activity of mTOR complex causes eventual inability of beta cells to release insulin and the inhibitory effect of S6 kinase leads to insulin resistance in the cells, contributing to development of type 2 diabetes. Metformin is able to activate AMP kinase which phosphorylates proteins involved in the mTOR pathway, as well as leads to the progression of mTOR complex from its inactive state to its active state. It is suggested that metformin acts as a competitive inhibitor to the amino acid leucine in the mTOR pathway.
2026 United States federal budget – $6.8 trillion (submitted 2025 by President Trump) 2025 United States federal budget – $7 trillion (submitted 2024 by President Biden) 2024 United States federal budget – $6.8 trillion (submitted 2023 by President Biden) 2023 United States federal budget – $6.1 trillion (submitted 2022 by President Biden) 2022 United States federal budget – $6.3 trillion (submitted 2021 by President Biden) 2021 United States federal budget – $6.8 trillion (submitted 2020 by President Trump) 2020 United States federal budget – $6.5 trillion (submitted 2019 by President Trump) 2019 United States federal budget – $4.4 trillion (submitted 2018 by President Trump) 2018 United States federal budget – $4.1 trillion (submitted 2017 by President Trump) 2017 United States federal budget – $4.2 trillion (submitted 2016 by President Obama) 2016 United States federal budget – $4 trillion (submitted 2015 by President Obama) 2015 United States federal budget – $3.9 trillion (submitted 2014 by President Obama) 2014 United States federal budget – $3.5 trillion (submitted 2013 by President Obama) 2013 United States federal budget – $3.8 trillion (submitted 2012 by President Obama) 2012 United States federal budget – $3.7 trillion (submitted 2011 by President Obama) 2011 United States federal budget – $3.8 trillion (submitted 2010 by President Obama) 2010 United States federal budget – $3.6 trillion (submitted 2009 by President Obama) 2009 United States federal budget – $3.5 trillion (submitted 2008 by President Bush) 2008 United States federal budget – $2.9 trillion (submitted 2007 by President Bush) 2007 United States federal budget – $2.8 trillion (submitted 2006 by President Bush) 2006 United States federal budget – $2.7 trillion (submitted 2005 by President Bush) 2005 United States federal budget – $2.4 trillion (submitted 2004 by President Bush) 2004 United States federal budget – $2.3 trillion (submitted 2003 by President Bush) 2003 United States federal budget – $2.2 trillion (submitted 2002 by President Bush) 2002 United States federal budget – $2 trillion (submitted 2001 by President Bush) 2001 United States federal budget – $1.9 trillion (submitted 2000 by President Clinton) 2000 United States federal budget – $1.8 trillion (submitted 1999 by President Clinton) 1999 United States federal budget – $1.7 trillion (submitted 1998 by President Clinton) 1998 United States federal budget – $1.7 trillion (submitted 1997 by President Clinton) 1997 United States federal budget – $1.6 trillion (submitted 1996 by President Clinton) 1996 United States federal budget – $1.6 trillion (submitted 1995 by President Clinton) The budget year runs from October 1 to September 30 the following year and is submitted by the President to Congress prior to October for the following year. In this way the budget of 2013 is submitted before the end of September 2012. This means that the budget of 2001 was submitted by Bill Clinton and was in force during most of George W. Bush's first year in office. The budget submitted by George W. Bush in his last year in office was the budget of 2009, which was in force through most of Barack Obama's first year in office. The President's budget also contains revenue and spending projections for the current fiscal year, the coming fiscal years, as well as several future fiscal years. In recent years, the President's budget contained projections five years into the future. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) issues a "Budget and Economic Outlook" each January and an analysis of the President's budget each March. CBO also issues an updated budget and economic outlook in August. Actual budget data for prior years is available from the Congressional Budget Office; see the "Historical Budget Data" links on the main page of "The Budget and Economic Outlook". and from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
== Historical significance == Enteropeptidase was discovered by Ivan Pavlov, who was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his studies of gastrointestinal physiology. It is the first known enzyme to activate other enzymes, and it remains a remarkable example of how serine proteases have been crafted to regulate metabolic pathways. The inert function of digestive enzymes within the pancreas was known, as compared to their potent activity within the intestine, but the basis of this difference was unknown. In 1899, Pavlov's student, N. P. Schepowalnikov, demonstrated that canine duodenal secretions dramatically stimulated the digestive activity of pancreatic enzymes, especially trypsinogen. The active principle was recognized as a special enzyme in the intestine that could activate other enzymes. Pavlov named it enterokinase. The debate of whether enterokinase was a cofactor or enzyme was resolved by Kunitz, who showed that the activation of trypsinogen by enterokinase was catalytic. In the 1950s, cattle trypsinogen was shown to be activated autocatalytically by cleavage of an N-terminal hexapeptide. The more precise IUBMB name enteropeptidase has been in existence since 1970. However, the original name ‘enterokinase’ has a long history and remains in common use.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
Legality depends on the country and the intended use. In many places it is not approved as a medicine and may be sold only as a research chemical. Importation or possession can be restricted, and sports organizations prohibit it.
Anti-doping laboratories typically use LC-MS/MS to detect SR9009 or its metabolites in urine or blood. The exact assay depends on the laboratory and the testing program. Detection can be challenging because the compound may be rapidly metabolized and present at low levels.
Stenabolic is an informal nickname used in online fitness and research-chemical markets, not an official drug name. It likely references reported effects on endurance in rodent studies. The nickname does not imply approval or proven human benefit.
SR9009 is a synthetic compound investigated as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is used in preclinical research on circadian rhythm and metabolism. It is not an approved drug.