Everything below concerns SR9009. We keep the language plain, cite what the science says, and separate well-supported claims from open questions.
Updated 2025-08-29. Numbers and descriptions here follow the published literature rather than marketing material.
Laboratory samples of SR9009 are typically handled as research chemicals rather than pharmaceuticals. Suppliers usually state that the material is for research use only and not for human or veterinary administration. Storage recommendations generally call for a freezer at approximately −20 °C, protection from light, and a desiccated environment. The solid is often described as a white to off-white powder. Solubility is commonly reported in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol, with low solubility in water.
Analytical identification and purity assessment often use high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection or mass spectrometry. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry is used to detect and quantify SR9009 in biological matrices, including urine and blood, for anti-doping or pharmacokinetic studies. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can confirm molecular structure. Stability depends on form and storage: the solid is generally more stable than solutions, and repeated freeze–thaw cycles may degrade samples. Purity is typically reported as a percentage from a certificate of analysis.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is not a steroid, peptide, or natural hormone. In scientific literature, it appears under the code SR9009 and in non-scientific contexts as Stenabolic. The compound was identified through chemical screening efforts aimed at targeting circadian clock components. Its status remains investigational, and no regulatory agency has approved it as a human medicine.
REV-ERB proteins help regulate daily cycles in gene expression, including genes tied to lipid and glucose metabolism. SR9009 binds these receptors and alters their activity in cell and animal experiments. Consequences observed in rodents include changes in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, blood lipid levels, and exercise performance. The precise chain from receptor occupancy to whole-body effects is still an active area of study. Human responses cannot be assumed from rodent data.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White to off-white powder | Common supplier description |
| Solubility | Soluble in DMSO and ethanol | Low solubility in water |
| Typical storage | −20 °C, desiccated, dark | For research samples |
| Analytical method | LC-MS/MS | Used for detection and quantification |
| Regulatory status | Prohibited in sport | WADA metabolic modulator class |
Research interest in SR9009 grew from studies of circadian biology and metabolic disease. Preclinical reports describe effects on exercise capacity, muscle metabolism, and blood lipid levels in rodents, but these findings come from controlled laboratory settings. The compound has low oral bioavailability in animals, which limits systemic exposure after swallowing. Investigators often use injected routes in experiments to achieve measurable plasma concentrations. Human clinical data are sparse, no approved therapeutic product exists, and whether animal effects translate to humans remains an open question.
Regulatory and sporting contexts treat SR9009 as a prohibited substance in many elite competitions. Its presence on banned lists reflects concerns about performance enhancement and unknown long-term safety. Analytical chemists have developed methods to detect the parent compound and its metabolites in urine and blood. Literature discussions distinguish between in vitro potency, animal pharmacology, and anecdotal human reports. The latter are difficult to verify because products sold online may lack purity or contain different compounds.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ, also called NR1D1 and NR1D2. These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene programs. The compound was developed for laboratory research, not as an approved therapeutic. Its identity is distinct from steroid hormones and selective androgen receptor modulators. Scientific interest centers on how REV-ERB activation changes gene expression in cells and animal models.
At the molecular level, SR9009 binds the ligand-binding domain of REV-ERB and strengthens recruitment of corepressor proteins such as NCoR and HDAC3. This increases repression of target genes, including Bmal1 and other clock-controlled and metabolic genes. In rodent studies, such changes have been linked to altered lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and energy expenditure. The precise chain of events between receptor binding and whole-body effects remains an active area of research. Findings in animals do not automatically translate to humans.
Laboratory studies often administer SR9009 by injection because oral absorption appears poor in rodents. Reported pharmacokinetic properties include rapid metabolism and low systemic exposure after oral dosing. Human pharmacokinetic data are sparse, so absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in people are not well defined. Some research explores related REV-ERB compounds with improved drug-like properties. Regulatory approval for any REV-ERB agonist as a human medicine has not been granted to date.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also known as parathormone or parathyrin, is a peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands. It plays a critical role in regulating serum calcium and phosphate levels through its actions on bone, kidneys, and the small intestine. PTH increases serum calcium levels and is opposed by calcitonin. It also promotes the synthesis of calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. PTH is secreted in response to low blood serum calcium (Ca2+) levels and is a key regulator of bone remodeling, the continuous process of bone resorption and formation. PTH indirectly stimulates osteoclast activity, promoting the release of calcium from the bone matrix to restore serum calcium levels. The bones serve as a reservoir of calcium, releasing it as needed to maintain homeostasis in the face of fluctuating metabolism, stress, and nutritional status. Produced primarily by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands, PTH is a polypeptide prohormone (precursor to a hormone) consisting of 84 amino acids and has a molecular mass of approximately 9500 Da. Its gene is located on chromosome 11 in humans. PTH exerts its biological effects via two main receptors. The Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor, activated by the 34 N-terminal amino acids of PTH, is highly expressed in bone and kidney cells. The Parathyroid hormone 2 receptor is predominantly found in the central nervous system, pancreas, testes, and placenta. The hormone has a short half-life of approximately 4 minutes.
=== Preclinical === Acne vaccine – immunostimulant ADA-308 – antiandrogen (androgen receptor antagonist) Research programme: acne vulgaris therapeutics - Attillaps Pharmaceuticals – acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
=== Sensory and nervous systems === Although starfish do not have many well-defined sense organs, they do perceive touch, light, temperature, orientation and the status of the water around them. The tube feet, spines and pedicellariae are sensitive to touch. The tube feet, especially those at the tips of the rays, are also sensitive to chemicals, enabling the starfish to detect odour sources such as food. There are eyespots at the ends of the arms, each one made of 80–200 simple ocelli composed of pigmented epithelial cells. Individual photoreceptor cells are present in other parts of their bodies and respond to light. Whether they advance or retreat depends on the species. Traditionally, starfish were thought to lack a centralized brain. Instead, there is a complex nervous system with a nerve ring around the mouth and a radial nerve running along the ambulacral region of each arm parallel to the radial canal. The peripheral nerve system consists of two nerve nets: one in the epidermis and the other in the lining of the coelomic cavity, which are the sensory and motor systems respectively. Neurons passing through the dermis join the two. Both the ring and radial nerves function in movement and sensory. The sensory component is supplied with information from the sensory organs while the motor nerves control the tube feet and musculature. If one arm detects something attractive, it becomes dominant and temporarily over-rides the other arms to initiate movement towards it. Recent genetic evidence, however, suggests that the majority of an echinoderm's body is "all-brain".
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
=== Nodular scabies === In 5-10% of cases, alongside the burrows, rash, and possible pustules, scabies creates raised, hard, and itchy oblong nodules on the skin, 1-4cm across. They may appear purple, dark brown, or pale in patients with darker skin tones, they are pink or red on paler skin tones. These nodules are likely a result of a localized hypersensitivity of the immune system to mites, their waste, or both. Because of this, nodular scabies may be more likely in people with chronic infections, failed treatments, or people becoming re-infected, as the immune system has had time to become sensitized. These nodules are more common on scrotal skin, vulva skin, thighs, buttocks and around the underarms. As with more common presentations of scabies, it is especially present near where skin regularly touches other skin. Once the nodules develop, it can take months for them to heal, even after successful treatment. Some details about the disease are still being researched but it is known to be more common in children and may be more common in males.
== Depleted uranium == Depleted uranium used in kinetic energy penetrators is supposed to be made from uranium enrichment tailings that have never been irradiated in a nuclear reactor, not reprocessed uranium. It should then contain no detectable amount of uranium-236. However, there have been claims of it being found in some depleted uranium.
The lambda particle is a type of subatomic particle in subatomic particle physics. Lambda is the set of logical axioms in the axiomatic method of logical deduction in first-order logic. Uppercase Lambda is often used as a stylized form of uppercase A, especially in science fiction. There is a poetical allusion to the use of Lambda as a shield blazon by the Spartans. Lambda is the von Mangoldt function in mathematical number theory. Lambda denotes the de Bruijn–Newman constant which is closely connected with Riemann's hypothesis. In statistics, lambda is used for the likelihood ratio. In statistics, Wilks's lambda is used in multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA analysis) to compare group means on a combination of dependent variables. In the spectral decomposition of matrices, lambda indicates the diagonal matrix of the eigenvalues of the matrix. In computer science, lambda is the time window over which a process is observed for determining the working memory set for a digital computer's virtual memory management. In astrophysics, lambda represents the likelihood that a small body will encounter a planet or a dwarf planet leading to a deflection of a significant magnitude. An object with a large value of lambda is expected to have cleared its neighbourhood, satisfying the current definition of a planet. In crystal optics, lambda is used to represent a lattice period. In electrochemistry, lambda denotes the "equivalent conductance" of an electrolyte solution.
=== Separation of powers === On 24 October, the Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA) claimed that civilian members of the Sovereignty Council violated the constitutional constraints on their power by appearing to coordinate with Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and override the Ministry of Health's role in managing vector control against the spread of dengue fever and chikungunya. The SPA stated, "the campaign appeared to be the scene of direct interaction of the [RSF] with the health situation in the concerned states, in the absence of health departments at the federal or state level. ... [The] whole issue of health is not the prerogative of the Sovereign Council." Sudan Tribune expressed concern that the RSF and its leader Hemedti were trying to improve the RSF's image, damaged by its carrying out of crimes against humanity in the War in Darfur and human rights violations during the 3 June 2019 Khartoum massacre.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
Legality depends on the country and the intended use. In many places it is sold as a research chemical, but sports and medicine regulations restrict it.
Detection commonly uses liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. This method can identify the compound in urine or blood at low concentrations.
Typical guidance is −20 °C, dry, and protected from light. Solutions should be aliquoted and limited freeze–thaw cycles should be used.
It is a synthetic compound studied as an agonist of REV-ERB nuclear receptors. It is not an approved medicine and has mainly been examined in laboratory and animal research.